It is time for a new look at Windy Craggy

N'tsi Tatay, more widely known as the Windy Craggy Project, is one of North America's largest resources of cobalt with excellent copper, zinc, gold, and silver grades hosted in an Upper Triassic Besshi-style volcanogenic massive sulphide. It is located in the northwestern corner of British Columbia within a regional scale volcano-sedimentary basin, termed Alta Basin, which is a mineralized belt that has the potential for future discoveries. Other known sulphide prospects occur within 15 kilometers (nine miles) of N'tsi Tatay.

A 1992 non-NI 43-101-compliant historical resource estimate is 297.4 million metric tons averaging 1.38% copper, 0.069% cobalt, 0.2 grams per metric ton gold, and 3.83 g/t silver, using a 0.5% copper cut-off grade. This estimate should be considered a minimum, as a new zinc-rich (Ridge) zone was discovered at the end of the latest drilling campaign in 1990 and remains open.

The Windy Craggy property is estimated to contain a total metal value to be worth in excess of US$31 billion based on May 27, 2020 metal prices. This does not include the known zinc resource.

Approximately C$50 million in expenditures from 1988 through 1991 included 4,139 meters of underground development, 64,618 meters of drilling from surface and underground diamond drill holes, and the completion of a preliminary feasibility study.

N'tsi Tatay was discovered in 1957 by prospecting under the supervision of James McDougall (an inductee into the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame in 2006). After years of highly successful exploration the project was shuttered by inclusion into a park (1993) by provincial and federal politics without due recourse and consultation to the land claims and ancestral rights of the rightful Indigenous First Nation people. This event led to hundreds of millions of dollars raised by mining related companies leaving Canada and being employed elsewhere in the world. This also entrenched a pessimistic view of investment in Canada and elsewhere where politics can shutter resource development at any time and without due regard to the rights of Indigenous people.

Geologically, the deposit occurs within a sequence of sub-alkaline mafic volcanic flows and sills intercalated with calcareous argillite and is comprised of three large highly deformed massive sulphide zones termed North, South and Ridge. Metamorphism is greenschist facies.

Mineralization is comprised of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and sphalerite with lesser amounts of marcasite, galena, digenite, arsenopyrite, an unidentified bismuth telluride, cobaltite, cubanite, native gold, electrum, and native silver.

Cobalt generally occurs within the sulphides (primarily pyrrhotite) as a solid solution. Primary textures and geologic relationships are well preserved for the most part. Gangue components include silica, iron carbonates, magnetite, chlorite, and calcite. Surface expressions demonstrate supergene copper sulphide enrichment (chalcocite, native copper, chalcanthite) and limonite overlain by gossan caps enriched in gold and silver. An initial historical gossan and supergene resource was calculated to be 3.2 million metric tons grading 2.55% copper, 0.82 g/t gold, and 8.88 g/t silver.

Cobalt in particular is a metal absolutely critical in battery storage for electric vehicles as well as other storage applications. It has been deemed a Critical Metal by the USA and Canada. When combined with the fact that 65% of the world cobalt metal is sourced in the Congo – not a country known for its stability or transparency, but rather known for its abuse of child labor and human rights violations – is it not our responsibility to ask ourselves if we made a mistake locking up a high quality, North American source of cobalt that could be mined and processed with strict environmental standards and appropriate human rights and labour controls so that cobalt is ethically sourced?

Recent innovations in recovery technology, mine development, block caving, cemented back fill paste, and dry stack tailings storage techniques, along with world environmental management and mitigation strategies offer opportunities for the sustainable and environmentally responsible development of the N'tsi Tatay deposits in ways which were not envisioned when the deposit was put into the park. Other such new and innovative technologies would include onsite power via run-of-river hydro and wind power, as well as full reclamation plan and design of facilities for present and future use (i.e. post-mining).

Combined with the recognition and implementation of United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in Canada, this high quality resource deserves another look after nearly 30 years of being locked away in a hastily established park – especially when we consider where and how the majority of cobalt comes from today. It is hard to imagine that we should not consider N'tsi Tatay as an ethical and critical source of cobalt to be used to create a non-carbon and cleaner future.

There are numerous social, labor (jobs), tourism, education (training), fishing (i.e. salmon enhancement), and economic shared direct and indirect benefits from this development for all Indigenous Nations, as well as all levels of governments in Canada and the United States. This leads to Indigenous economic self-sufficiency.

This is the time in which to showcase a vision of development with ownership and leadership by an Indigenous Nation entity that respects their culture, the environment, park sustainability and economic realities. This would give meaningful and respective commercial license and social licence to operate.

"N'tsi Tatay is within the traditional territory of the Champaign Aishihik First Nation whose ancestors included Kwaday Dan Ts'inchi (Canadian Ice Man) discovered in 1999." –James Allen, former chief of the Champaign Aishihik First Nation.

The historical Southern Tutchone translation of N'tsi (windy) Tatay (mountainous) is Windy Craggy.

Bruce Downing, MSc., PGeo, FGC, FEC(hon) is a consultant who has been involved with Windy Craggy since 1975 to present and was project geologist from 1989 to 1991.

Rick Van Nieuwenhuyse, MSc., is a mining executive who founded Novagold Resources and Trilogy Metals. He is currently President and CEO of Contango Ore Inc. and is working with the Tetlin Alaska Native Tribe to develop the Peak Gold deposit in Alaska.

North of 60 Mining News would like to thank Resource World for the opportunity to republish A New Look at Windy Craggy, which was originally posted on the Resource World website – http://www.resourceworld.com – on May 29.